Author: admin

Abu Muhammad Ibn Hazm divide el amor en cinco grados:

 

            1) Buena estima: consiste en que quien mira se figure como bella la imagen contemplada o se consideren buenas sus cualidades morales; este grado pertenece al capítulo de la amistad; 2) admiración: es el deseo que siente el observador hacia lo que contempla y en estar junto a ello; 3) simpatía amorosa: es la nostalgia sentida cuando se ausenta el ser querido; 4) obsesión amorosa: consiste en tener la mente siempre ocupada en el ser querido; en el amor erótico, este grado se denomina pasión amorosa; 5) delirio amoroso: es la imposibiliad de conciliar el sueño y apenas comer ni beber, pudiendo enfermar, enloquecer y hasta morir. Más allá de este grado de amor no hay ninguno otro.

            A continuación, clasifica del siguiente modo las clases de belleza:

 

            "Capítulo sobre las especies de belleza de las formas":

                        Se me ha pedido una explicación exacta sobre ellas; hela aquí:

                        1) La dulzura: es la delicadeza de encantos, la gracia de movimientos, la finura de ademanes y la aceptación por parte del alma de los accidentes de la forma, aunque ésta carezca de cualidades manifiestas;

                        2) La corrección: es la hermosura de cada una de las cualidades por separado, pero, a menudo, quien es hermoso en sus cualidades tomadas aisladamente, puede tener un semblante frío y no ser ni salado, ni bello, ni espléndido, ni dulce;

                        3) El esplendor: es el brillo de los miembros externos [junto a la hermosura de los mismos]; es también la vivacidad y la nobleza;

                        4) La belleza: es algo que no tiene en la lengua otro nombre que la designe, pero es percibida unánimemente por las almas de todos cuantos la ven; es como un fino tejido que cubre el rostro, un brillo que inclina los corazones hacia sí, de modo que las opiniones coinciden en juzgarlo bello y, aunque no posea cualidades hermosas, todo el que lo ve lo admira, lo considera bello y lo acepta, por más que al contemplar luego sus cualidades aisladamente no se encuentre nada notable. Parece como si fuese algo que hay en el alma del objeto contemplado que es hallado por el alma de quien lo contempla. Esta es la cumbre de las categorías de la belleza. Posteriormente, difieren los gustos: hay quien prefiere el esplendor y hay quien prefiere la dulzura, pero no hemos encontrado uno siquiera que considerase superior la corrección por sí sola;

                        5) La sal o gracia: es la reunión de varias de estas categorías [en una misma persona].

 

            Extraído de Ibn Hazm, Risala fi Mudawat al-nufus [Epístola sobre la terapéutica de las almas] (v. Biblioteca de al-Andalus, III, "Ibn Hazm"); trad. de José Miguel Puerta Vílchez, Historia del pensamiento estético árabe, Madrid, AKAL, 1997, pp. 512-3.

', 0, 728, 4, 'colaborador', '', 0, 'spanish', 0, 0, 0, 19, 4, '0', ''), (41, 0, 'colaborador', 'Refrán, 6: silencio', '2004-12-27 01:00:00', '

إذا كان الكلام من فضّة فالسكوت من ذهب

Si hablar es de plata, el silencio es de oro

(Trad. de la Fundación)

A continuación se ofrece la relación de lugares que aparecen mencionados en el volumen publicado de la "Biblioteca de al-Andalus". Los números remiten al autor que se biografía, del que se recogen todas las obras escritas por el mismo. Cuando aparece el número en negrita es por haber mantenido una relación especial con esa localidad, bien por haber nacido o muerto en ella o por haber residido un periodo importante de su vida en la misma:

 

Abu Jalid (Monte en Loja): [558].
Agmat: [535], [554], [635], [654], [657], [705].
Ainadamar (Granada): [705], [706].
Alanje: [479].
Alarcos: [647].
Albaicín (Granada): [528].
Albarracín: [456], [556], [633], [675], [726].
Alcalá de los Gazules: [450].
Alcalá del Río: [692].
Alcalá la Real: [467], [559], [618], [632], [692], [705].
Alcaudete: [467], [528], [698].
Alcázar del Sayyid (Málaga): [705].
Alcazarquivir: [493], [579].
Alcazarseguir: [579]
Alcira: [453], [492], [521], [527], [545], [578], [619], [667], [709].
Aledo: [667].
Alejandría: [460], [540], [547], [557], [579], [631], [663], [676], [705], [727].
Alepo: [465], [698].
Alfacar: [705].
Algarve: [503], [646], [691].
Algeciras: [442], [449], [487], [494], [505], [528], [532], [535], [541], [558], [560], [567], [581], [582], [587], [593], [611], [634], [638], [641], [642], [655], [680], [682], [688], [689], [690], [705], [712].

 

 

', 'Alhambra: [579], [705].
Alhavar: [528].
Aljarafe: [559].
Almanzora: [705].
Almería: [424], [429], [431], [441], [452], [466], [467], [475], [482], [484], [494], [500], [513], [515], [520], [527], [528], [529], [541], [543], [548], [554], [562], [565], [566], [567], [568], [573], [574], [575], [579], [595], [596], [612], [619], [627], [631], [641], [649], [654], [667], [674], [675], [676], [685], [690], [695], [696], [705], [706], [707], [712], [723].
Almoradí: [670].
Almunia de al-Mugira (Córdoba): [596].
Almunia de la Alegría (Al-Zahira, Córdoba): [595].
Almuñécar: [431], [452], [453], [466], [538], [558], [563], [566], [567], [702].
Alpuente: [456], [458].
Andarax: [526], [543], [685].
Andújar: [479].
Anfa (posterior Casablanca): [579], [705].
Antequera: [484], [563], [705].
Antilíbano: [676].
Aragón: [440], [528], [579], [705].
Arcos de la Frontera: [442], [443], [636], [667].
Archidona: [623].
Arcila: [579].
Argel: [527].
Armenia: [565].
Asafi: v. Safi.
Asia Central: [555].
Asiut (Asyut): [520].
Atlas Telliano: [676].
Ávila: [429].
Aynadamar: v. Ainadamar.
Azemmur: [532], [579], [705].
Azerbaián: [555], [565].
Aznalcázar: [596].
Azugi (Azuki): [554].
Ba`albikk: [676].
Badajoz: [420], [508], [516], [541], [544], [600], [605], [606], [613], [620], [643], [655], [667].
Baena: [514], [609], [610], [611].
Baeza: [494], [545], [584], [631].
Bagdad: [435], [461], [486], [516], [528], [542], [555], [558], [565], [571], [595], [596], [604], [642], [649], [667], [689], [693], [697], [717].
Baleares: [486], [500], [725].
Barcelona: [440], [498], [705], [709], [724].
Barqa: [540], [667].
Basora: [446], [453], [462], [613], [668].
Al-Batha'': [676].
Baza: [723].
Beja: [494], [522], [541], [647], [712].
Belén: [676].
Bengazi: [540].
Berja: [466], [484].
Biar: [502].
Biskra: [572], [676].
Bobastro: [494], [634], [655].
Boltaña: [494].
Bona: [676].
Bujara: [705].
Bujía: [493], [499], [527], [528], [532], [535], [544], [578], [579], [586], [649], [676], [693], [705], [720].
Cabra: [494].
Cádiz: [494], [528], [687].
Cairo, El: [426], [435], [449], [462], [465], [514], [528], [535], [540], [547], [557], [579], [594], [613], [631], [657], [668], [676], [698], [704].
Cairuán: [449], [481], [514], [535], [540], [548], [554], [594], [595], [661], [711], [713].
Calalus/Calaluz: [635].
Calatayud: [634], [666].
Calatrava: [469], [494].
Calpe: [435].
Cambil: [528].
Carmona: [494], [541], [634], [676].
Carrión: [675].
Cartagena: [562], [579].
Cartago: [494].
Cártama: [494], [529].
Caspio (Mar): [565].
Castellón: [566], [619], [648], [650].
Castilla: [440], [528], [619], [676], [705], [710].
Cataluña: [429], [619].
Cazalilla: [429].
Cesme: [431].
Ceuta: [429], [435], [435], [438], [442], [444], [484], [487], [516], [527], [528], [529], [531], [535], [539], [544], [545], [548], [549], [564], [566], [567], [574], [575], [578], [579], [596], [613], [629], [631], [634], [649], [660], [661], [665], [675], [676], [688], [690], [691], [697], [698], [705], [707], [710].
Charches: [686].
Chilches: [686].
China: [555], [705].
Cintra: [494].
Clunia: [429].
Coín: [445], [705].
Colomera: [655].
Comares: [687], [710].
Constantina: [494], [563], [572], [579], [676], [725].
Constantinopla: [431], [499], [569], [681].
Córdoba: [420], [421], [424], [429], [434], [436], [441], [443], [446], [449], [451], [452], [453], [454], [459], [460], [462], [463], [467], [469], [475], [479], [481], [485], [490], [491], [493], [494], [496], [497], [501], [504], [505], [507], [508], [509], [514], [515], [518], [519], [528], [533], [534], [535], [538], [540], [541], [544], [548], [550], [553], [554], [555], [556], [558], [559], [563], [565], [566], [567], [569], [571], [577], [580], [581], [582], [583], [584], [585], [587], [594], [595], [596], [597], [598], [602], [603], [605], [606], [608], [609], [610], [611], [612], [614], [615], [616], [617], [619], [622], [624], [625], [626], [630], [633], [634], [636], [637], [638], [641], [642], [643], [646], [651], [655], [660], [661], [662], [667], [668], [669], [670], [672], [689], [692], [697], [698], [700], [703], [705], [708], [710], [712], [713], [714], [716], [724], [725], [726], [730].
Corella: [667].
Creta: [446], [446].
Cuenca: [456], [457], [458], [669].
Cufa: [453], [558], [668], [730].
Cullera: [580].
Cutanda: [667].
Damasco: [421], [434], [450], [461], [465], [528], [542], [572], [574], [579], [595], [604], [649], [676], [698], [610].
Damieta: [514].
Dar`a: [454].
Al-Dawsan: [676].
Deifontes: [705].
Denia: [422], [429], [435], [435], [452], [453], [473], [474], [500], [502], [515], [516], [596], [607], [638], [640], [643], [648], [649], [650], [661], [662], [674], [675], [692], [695], [714].
Dibdu: [676].
Dukkala: [705].
Ebro: [556], [667].
Écija: [449], [494], [495], [551], [646], [669], [670], [689], [729].
Egipto: [421], [434], [436], [450], [451], [461], [465], [481], [489], [509], [516], [535], [540], [555], [556], [557], [565], [571], [574], [579], [596], [603], [631], [645], [649], [667], [668], [676], [704], [705], [713], [727], [729].
Elche: [452].
Elvira: [449], [452], [467], [489], [494], [509], [540], [540], [548], [558], [608], [651], [652], [655], [676], [705].
Énova: [674].
Estepona: [528], [635], [689].
Estrecho de Gibraltar: [477], [723].
Évora: [503], [620], [678], [691].
Farfar: [676].
Faro: [503], [550], [643], [728].
Fars: [516].
Faris: [565].
Fez: [428], [435], [460], [484], [485], [487], [528], [531], [562], [564], [579], [629], [635], [647], [654], [669], [676], [697], [699], [704], [705], [706], [712].
Fez Nuevo: [579].
Frontil, El: [558].
Fuengirola: [462], [665].
Gabes: [535].
Galicia: [634].
Gaza: [676].
Genil: [705].
Génova: [579], [619].
Gibralfaro: [567].
Gibraltar: [472], [484], [539], [544], [564], [676], [705].
Golfo Pérsico: [565].
Granada: [424], [425], [426], [427], [428], [431], [435], [438], [440], [441], [442], [444], [447], [452], [453], [454], [455], [461], [463], [466], [467], [468], [472], [476], [482], [483], [484], [485], [488], [490], [494], [495], [497], [507], [512], [520], [526], [527], [528], [529], [530], [534], [538], [539], [540], [543], [544], [554], [556], [560], [562], [563], [566], [567], [570], [572], [574], [575], [579], [581], [582], [596], [608], [611], [618], [621], [623], [631], [635], [641], [644], [645], [651], [652], [661], [662], [666], [667], [676], [680], [686], [687], [688], [689], [690], [692], [698], [699], [701], [702], [704], [705], [706], [707], [709], [710], [723], [727], [729], [731].
Grazalema: [498].
Guadalajara: [425], [445], [471], [507], [565], [594].
Guadalquivir: [570], [637].
Guadiana: [647].
Guadix: [430], [431], [453], [466], [486], [520], [528], [543], [579], [604], [632], [685], [686], [705].
Guazalete: [479].
Hamza: [532].
Hebrón: [528].
Herat: [542].
Hims: [597], [701].
Hintata: [705].
Hornachuelos: [670].
Huécija: [685].
Huelva: [673].
Huércal: [449].
Huesca: [494], [548], [670].
Huéscar: [623].
Huete: [507].
Hunayn: [710].
Ibiza: [435], [636].
Ifriqiya: [486], [499], [527], [540], [548], [563], [578], [676], [690], [705], [713].
India: [621].
Iraq: [435], [479], [565], [596], [667], [713].
Irán: [565].
Irbil: [435].
Isfahán: [435], [596], [712].
Jaén: [436], [453], [459], [461], [467], [494], [504], [528], [556], [558], [565], [631], [634], [637], [641], [656], [665], [682], [686], [692], [698], [701].
Jalón (Valle): [555].
Játiva: [429], [435], [452], [474], [502], [566], [567], [578], [586], [596], [637], [638], [639], [641], [650], [653], [667], [674], [720].
Jerez de la Frontera: [435], [442], [443], [505], [506], [570], [606], [628], [636], [682], [710], [712].
Jérica: [619], [648], [650].
Jerusalén: [421], [434], [435], [440], [461], [528], [654], [676], [698].
Jubiles: [686].
Júcar: [667].
Jurasán: [516], [565], [667].
Jushayn: [548].
Juziztan: [565].
Kirman: [565].
Kutama: [493].
Laujar de Andarax: [579].
Lecrín, Valle de: [579].
León: [619], [655].
Lérida: [490], [494], [549], [556], [607], [695].
Lisboa: [437], [494], [620], [635], [695].
Loja: [528], [529], [538], [558], [563], [578], [579], [634], [687], [701], [705].
Lorca: [552], [576], [577], [579], [667], [692].
Lucena: [440], [559], [638].
Luque: [634].
Al-Madina al-Bayda'' (Fez Nuevo): [579].
Madrid: [571], [656].
Magreb: [505], [528], [531], [555], [565], [570], [578], [579], [631], [633], [667], [669], [676], [692], [698], [704], [705], [707], [710], [712], [713].
Al-Mahdiya: [535], [540], [565], [649], [667].
Málaga: [425], [428], [433], [435], [441], [442], [445], [452], [453], [460], [470], [472], [484], [485], [487], [480], [494], [495], [501], [522], [523], [528], [529], [533], [534], [537], [541], [543], [547], [563], [564], [566], [567], [579], [596], [604], [608], [631], [636], [641], [655], [665], [677], [678], [687], [689], [690], [698], [705], [712], [723], [729].
Mallorca: [527], [532], [535], [545], [565], [566], [579], [596], [662], [667], [692].
Al-Mansuriya: [540].
Maraga: [724].
Marbella: [472], [705].
Marca Superior: [667], [714].
Marchena (Almería): [526], [543], [685].
María: [655].
Maro: [729].
Marraquech: [435], [441], [445], [447], [450], [454], [484], [498], [506], [524], [532], [543], [544], [545], [547], [559], [560], [562], [563], [566], [573], [579], [581], [589], [604], [609], [612], [631], [632], [635], [636], [641], [645], [654], [657], [661], [665], [676], [683], [684], [692], [695], [697], [698], [705], [709], [710], [729].
Marruecos: [679].
Masila: [540].
Al-Massisa: [594].
Mauritania: [554].
Meca, La: [421], [435], [449], [450], [460], [481], [489], [499], [509], [514], [520], [528], [543], [547], [555], [565], [574], [579], [594], [596], [603], [619], [628], [631], [638], [639], [651], [654], [668], [676], [693], [719], [727].
Medina: [436], [449], [461], [509], [514], [528], [628], [667], [668], [676], [703], [727].
Medinaceli: [494], [514].
Mediterráneo: [436], [565], [674].
Menorca: [454], [527].
Mentesa: [710].
Mequinez: [612].
Mérida: [479], [494], [605].
Mértola: [647].
Mesopotamia: [555], [565].
Miliana (Milyana): [499], [579], [676].
Mojácar: [444].
Monchique: [691].
Montefrío: [705].
Montejícar: [472].
Montija: [596], [597], [603].
Montilla: [603].
Mora de Toledo: [729].
Moratalla: [670].
Morón: [463], [464], [465], [494], [496].
Mosul: [516], [643], [698].
Motril: [701].
Muluya: [676].
Munyat Bani Jasib (El Minya): [451].
Murad: [670].
Murcia: [422], [441], [452], [453], [456], [473], [474], [492], [494], [502], [512], [520], [532], [536], [545], [554], [556], [560], [561], [562], [566], [570], [577], [596], [604], [611], [612], [619], [631], [636], [637], [638], [639], [640], [641], [649], [653], [667], [670], [692], [709], [710], [710], [723], [729].
Murviedro: [641], [663].
Nacimiento: [526], [685].
Narbona: [626].
Navarra: [440], [619], [667].
Navas de Tolosa: [426], [644], [650].
Niebla: [494], [542], [596], [660], [679], [680], [682], [683], [684], [693].
Nilo: [667], [676], [698], [705].
Nisapur: [435], [542], [554].
Nisibis: [565].
Norte de África: [444], [512], [524], [532], [535], [575], [579], [584], [601], [649], [667], [676], [679], [693], [699], [702], [714], [720].
Norte de la Península: [500].
Noto: [535].
Ocsonoba: [494].
Onda: [422], [562], [566], [567].
Orán: [428], [431], [579].
Orcera: [686].
Oreto: [494].
Oriente: [451], [507], [517], [558], [558], [562], [563], [567], [568], [571], [572], [574], [579], [584], [586], [594], [595], [603], [615], [622], [626], [628], [638], [643], [649], [650], [651], [653], [667], [668], [676], [689], [690], [693], [697], [698], [699], [701], [705], [711], [712], [713], [717], [718], [719], [724], [725], [727].
Orihuela: [441], [473], [474], [483], [637], [649], [667], [675].
Osuna: [605].
Palermo: [535].
Palestina: [490].
Pechina: [449], [514], [548], [565], [595], [627], [650], [655], [706].
Pedroches, Los: [563].
Persia: [555], [596].
Pinos Puente: [705].
Pisa: [619].
Poqueira: [705].
Portugal: [655].
Priego: [533], [698], [705].
Qal`at al-Ashraf: [648].
Qal`at (Bani) Hammad: [532], [563].
Qal`at Ibn Salama: [676].
Qastiliya: [489], [725].
Quesada: [528], [538].
Qurt/Qurt: [509].
Qus: [631], [645], [676].
Al-Qusayr: [676].
Rabat: [579].
Ramla: [421].
Rayyuh: [634], [655].
Reinos cristianos: [440].
Ricla: [584].
Rifa: [520].
Ronda: [472], [479], [484], [528], [529], [530], [559], [636], [697], [705].
Rota: [687].
Rueda: [456], [687].
Rute: [528].
Ruzafa: [479].
Safad: [676].
Safi: [705].
Sagunto: [641], [675].
Sahara: [554], [667], [690].
Sajrat al-Wad: [692].
Salas: [686].
Salé: [463], [527], [532], [534], [535], [566], [579], [702], [705].
Salobreña: [466].
Saltés, Isla de: [584].
Sanaa: [594].
San Esteban: [655].
San Esteban de Gormaz: [429].
Sanlúcar: [596].
Santamaría del Algarve: v. Faro.
Santarén: [488], [494], [565], [584], [646], [652], [726].
Santaver: [494].
Santiago de Compostela: [429].
Shariqa: v. Jérica.
Shayarat al-Walad: [692].
Segovia: [710].
Segura: [556], [637], [705].
Segura de la Sierra: [484], [667].
Setif: [544].
Sevilla: [420], [426], [432], [435], [441], [443], [447], [448], [449], 450], [452], [453], [463], [464], [465], [477], [485], [491], [494], [497], [498], [505], [506], [510], [514], [515], [524], [527], [528], [532], [535], [536], [538], [539], [540], [541], [542], [544], [550], [559], [560], [566], [567], [570], [572], [576], [578], [580], [582], [587], [588], [589], [590], [591], [592], [593], [596], [597], [599], [600], [601], [602], [606], [608], [611], [612], [613], [618], [624], [629], [631], [636], [641], [645], [646], [647], [654], [657], [667], [670], [672], [673], [676], [678], [679], [680], [681], [682], [683], [684], [691], [692], [693], [696], [697], [705], [710], [712], [718], [719], [721], [722], [724], [729].
Sfax: [535].
Sicilia: [535], [562], [565], [712].
Sidonia: [449], [479], [494], [614], [674].
Sierra Bermeja: [635].
Siles: [686].
Silves: [493], [544], [596], [641], [646], [691], [712].
Al-Sind: [565].
Siracusa: [535], [668].
Siria: [435], [516], [528], [555], [565], [585], [596], [597], [631], [643], [667], [668], [676], [698], [705].
Siyilmasa: [565], [654], [676].
Siyistan: [565].
Al-Subayba: [676].
Sudán: [676].
Suez: [676].
Shurriyun: [674], [675].
Sus: [547].
Susa: [676], [713].
Tabaristán: [565].
Tabernas: [573].
Tabriz: [717].
Tahart: [608].
Talavera: [527], [596], [692].
Tánger: [484], [516], [579], [596], [608], [674].
Tarazona: [667].
Tarifa: [523], [528], [701], [705], [712].
Tarragona: [494].
Tarudant: [454], [547].
Tauris: [717].
Tavira: [527].
Taza: [532], [676].
Tébessa: [676].
Tejada: [559].
Terque: [543].
Tigris: [643].
Tiwinwin: [454].
Toledo: [436], [438], [439], [447], [449], [456], [457], [458], [479], [481], [485], [490], [494], [504], [507], [509], [515], [516], [517], [522], [524], [548], [553], [556], [565], [568], [584], [591], [595], [617], [634], [669], [671], [679], [705], [714], [715], [717], [722], [726].
Torre Alháquime: [528].
Torre del Mar: [729].
Torrox: [558].
Tortosa: [429], [494], [511], [548], [607], [642], [662], [670].
Transoxiana: [565].
Tremecén: [430], [431], [435], [484], [528], [579], [612], [667], [676], [690], [704], [705], [707], [710].
Trípoli: [555], [667].
Tudela: [494], [514], [548], [667], [711].
Tudmir: [678], [710], [723].
Túnez: [426], [431], [435], [489], [499], [512], [528], [540], [546], [548], [550], [554], [555], [572], [578], [579], [586], [676], [679], [680], [681], [699], [705], [709], [710], [713], [725].
Al-Tur: [676].
Tuzer: [460], [676], [725].
Tuwayzat: [566].
Úbeda: [558], [655], [656].
Uclés: [608].
Urika: [705].
Valencia: [422], [423], [425], [429], [437], [449], [452], [453], [456], [457], [458], [480], [494], [499], [502], [507], [514], [516], [536], [545], [541], [546], [556], [559], [562], [566], [567], [577], [596], [619], [641], [648], [650], [662], [664], [663], [667], [674], [675], [692], [694], [695], [705], [709].
Velefique: [573].
Vélez-Málaga: [487], [577], [686].
Vélez-Rubio: [723].
Vera: [444].
Wasit: [516].
Yanbu`: [676].
Yecla: [723].
Yemen: [555], [565], [571], [579], [596], [705].
Zab: [540], [579].
Al-Zahira: [595], [596].
Zallaqa (batalla): [535], [597].
Zaragoza: [420], [429], [452], [456], [478], [490], [494], [498], [500], [501], [514], [515], [520], [529], [548], [555], [556], [557], [595], [607], [620], [634], [645], [658], [664], [667], [668], [670], [674], [692], [694], [695], [709], [714], [725], [726], [730].